Supracondylar Apophysis of the Humerus: Rare Cause of High Compression of the Median Nerve / Apófise supracondilar do úmero: Causa rara de compressão alta do nervo mediano

Abstract Supracondylar apophysis (SA) is a bony prominence that originates from the anteromedial aspect of the distal humerus with a lower projection and which, although usually asymptomatic, due to the relationship with adjacent structures can cause symptoms. We describe the case of a 42-year-old woman with pain complaints radiating from her elbow to her hand, with 6 months of evolution. On objective examination, the patient had a sensory deficit in the median nerve territory and decreased grip strength. Radiographs of the distal humerus were performed, in which a bone spike was visible, and magnetic resonance imaging showed thickening of the median nerve epineurium. Electromyography showed severe axonal demyelination of the median nerve proximal to the elbow. A median nerve compression caused by a SA was diagnosed. The patient underwent surgery and, 1 year after the operation, she had a complete clinical recovery. Supracondylar apophysis is a rare, but possible and treatable cause of high median nerve compression.

Resumo A apófise supracondilar (ASC) é uma proeminência óssea que tem origem na face anteromedial do úmero distal com projeção inferior e que, apesar de habitualmente assintomática, pela relação com as estruturas adjacentes pode causar sintomatologia. Descrevemos o caso de uma mulher de 42 anos, com queixas álgicas irradiadas do cotovelo à mão, com 6 meses de evolução. Ao exame objetivo, a paciente apresentava um déficit sensorial no território do nervo mediano e diminuição da força de preensão. Foram realizadas radiografias do úmero distal nas quais era visível uma espícula óssea, e na ressonância magnética era evidente o espessamento do epineuro do nervo mediano. A eletromiografia apresentou uma desmielinização axonal grave do nervo mediano proximal ao cotovelo. Foi diagnosticada uma compressão do nervo mediano por uma ASC. A paciente foi submetida à cirurgia e 1 ano pós-operatório apresentou recuperação clínica total. A ASC é uma causa rara, mas possível e tratável da compressão alta do nervo mediano.

Effect of tuberosity repair on functional outcome of reverse shoulder arthroplasty in proximal humerus fractures / 中华创伤杂志(英文版)

PURPOSE@#Unsatisfactory results of hemiarthroplasty in Neer's 3- and 4-part proximal humerus fractures in elderly, have led to the shift towards reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA). The objective of our study was to repair the tuberosities that are generally overlooked during RSA and observe its impact on the functional outcome and shoulder scores.@*METHODS@#We include elderly patients with acutely displaced or dislocated 3- or 4-part proximal humerus fractures from July 2013 to November 2019 who were treated with RSA along with tuberosity repair by non-absorbable sutures and bone grafting harvested from the humeral head. Open injuries and cases with neuro-muscular involvement of the deltoid muscle were excluded. According to the tuberosity healing on radiographs of the shoulder at 9th postoperative month, the patients were divided into 2 groups, as the group with successful tuberosity repair and the other with failed tuberosity repair. Statistical analysis of the functional outcome and shoulder scores between the 2 groups were done by independent t-test for normally distributed parameters and Mann-Whitney test for the parameters, where data was not normally distributed.@*RESULTS@#Of 41 patients, tuberosity healing was achieved in 28 (68.3%) and failed in 13 (31.7%) cases. Lysis of the tuberosity occurred in 5 patients, tuberosity displacement in 2, and nonunion in 2. Mean age was 70.4 years (range 65 - 79 years) and mean follow-up was 58.7 months (range 18 - 93 months). There were no major complications. Group with successful tuberosity repair showed improvement in mean active range of movements, like anterior elevation (165.1° ± 4.9° vs. 144.6° ± 9.4°, p < 0.000), lateral elevation (158.9° ± 7.2° vs. 138.4° ± 9.6°, p < 0.000), external rotation (30.5° ± 6.9° vs. 35.0° ± 6.3°, p = 0.367), internal rotation (33.7° ± 7.5° vs. 32.6° ± 6.9°, p = 0.671) and in mean shoulder scores including Constant score (70.7 ± 4.1 vs. 55.5 ± 5.7, p < 0.000), American shoulder and elbow surgeons score (90.3 ± 2.4 vs. 69.0 ± 5.7, p < 0.000), disability of arm shoulder and hand score (22.1 ± 2.3 vs. 37.6 ± 2.6, p < 0.000).@*CONCLUSION@#Successful repair and tuberosity healing around the RSA prosthesis is associated with statistically significant improvement in postoperative range of motion, strength and shoulder scores. Standardized repair technique and interposition of cancellous bone grafts, harvested from the humeral head can improve the rate of tuberosity healing.

PACS and Photoshop assisted isosceles triangle osteotomy and Kirschner wire tension buckle fixation in the treatment of cubitus varus in children / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the clinical efficacy of picture archiving and communication system (PACS) and Photoshop assisted isosceles triangle osteotomy and Kirschner wire fixation with tension band in the treatment of cubitus varus in children.@*METHODS@#The clinic data of 20 children with cubitus varus treated with isosceles triangle osteotomy of distal humerus and Kirschner wire fixation with tension band from October 2014 to October 2019, were retrospectively analyzed. There were 13 males and 7 females, aged from 3.2 to 13.5 years old, the median age was 6.65 years old. PACS system was applied for the osteotomy design preoperatively, simulating and measuring the side length of isosceles triangle osteotomy. Then, Photoshop system was used to simulate the preoperative and postoperative osteotomy graphics, which could guide precise osteotomy during operation.@*RESULTS@#All the 20 patients were followed up for 20 to 24 months, with a median of 22.5 months. At the last follow-up, the carrying angle of the affected limb was 5 ° to 13 °, with a median of 8.3 °. The clinical efficacy was evaluated according to the Flynn elbow function score:excellent in 16 cases, good in 2 cases, and fair in 2 cases.@*CONCLUSION@#The treatment of cubitus varus in children by isosceles triangle osteotomy and Kirschner wire fixation with tension band assisted by PACS and Photoshop system has shown good clinical outcome.

Olecranon osteotomy approach for Dubberley type Ⅲ coronal fractures of the distal humerus / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To retrospectively analyze the clinical efficacy of olecranon osteotomy approach in the treatment of Dubberley type Ⅲ coronal fractures of the distal humerus and summarize the treatment experience.@*METHODS@#From January 2016 to June 2020, 17 patients (5 males and 12 females) with Dubberley type Ⅲ coronal fractures of the distal humerus were treated by olecranon osteotomy approach. The age ranged from 37 to78 years old with an average of (58.5±12.9) years old. According to Dubberley classification, there were 5 cases of type Ⅲ A and 12 cases of type Ⅲ B. The curative effect was evaluated using the Borberg-Morrey elbow function score. The flexion, extension and rotation range of motion of the elbow joint, complications and postoperative imaging evaluation were recorded.@*RESULTS@#All the 17 patients got bony union. The follow-up time ranged from 12 to 33 months with an average of (15.6±5.6) months. There was 1 case of ischemic necrosis of capitulum humeri, 2 cases of traumatic arthritis and 1 case of heterotopic ossification, 1 case of malunion of fracture. The range of motion was (114.80±19.50) °. The Broberg-Morrey score was 85.3±8.2, excellent in 5 cases, good in 9 cases, fair in 3 cases and poor in 0 case.@*CONCLUSION@#Through olecranon osteotomy approach, the articular surface of distal humerus could be fully exposed, and the operation is convenient. Anatomical reduction and rigid fixation of the articular surface of distal humerus are the key factors for the succesful outcome.

Clinical outcomes of reverse shoulder arthroplasty for the treatment of failed fixation of proximal humeral fracrtures in the elderly patients / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate the clinical outcomes of reverse total shoulder arthroplasty as a revision procedure for the failed fixation of proximal humeral fractures in the elderly patients.@*METHODS@#A retrospective analysis was performed on 8 patients with failed internal fixation of proximal humeral fractures from May 2014 to March 2020, including 3 males and 5 females, aged from 65 to 75 years old. All 8 patients underwent reverse total shoulder arthroplasty, and the mean time between initial fixation and reverse total shoulder arthroplasty ranged from 8 to 16 months. Range of motion(ROM), University of California at Los Angeles(UCLA) shoulder score, visual analogue scale (VAS), self-rating anxiety scale(SAS), and Constant-Murley score of shoulder function were assessed pre-operatively and at the last follow-up. Complications relating to the surgery were recorded.@*RESULTS@#All 8 patients successfully followed up. The mean follow-up after reverse total shoulder arhroplasty ranged from 16 to 28 months. The range of motion (forward flexion, external rotation, abduction and internal rotation) of the affected shoulder was significantly improved after surgery, and the post-operative VAS, SAS and UCLA scores were also significantly improved. For the Constant-Murley score of shoulder joint function, the total scores and the subscores of pain, daily activities, range of motion and strength test at the last follow-up were all significantly improved. Scapular glenoid notch was observed in patient, which was evaluated as grade 1 on imaging. All the other patients did not develop specific or non-specific complications.@*CONCLUSION@#Reverse total shoulder arhroplasty is an appropriate treatment as a revision surgery for failed fixation of proximal humeral fractures. It has shown satisfactory clinical outcomes, accelerating the rehabilitation of shoulder function and improving the quality of life.

Comparison of clinical effect of two different Kirschner wire fixations after closed reduction on supracondylar fracture of humerus in children with GartlandⅡand Ⅲ / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To compare clinical effect of Kirschner wire radial sector fixation and bilateral ulnar radial cross fixation in treating supracondylar fracture of humerus in children after closed reduction.@*METHODS@#From March 2017 to December 2018, 60 children with supracondylar fracture of humerus treated with closed reduction and Kirschner wire fixation were analyzed retrospectively, and divided into two groups according to different needling methods. Thirty patients in radial three needles fan fixation group (group A), including 19 males and 11 females, aged from 2 to 10 years old with an average of (5.00±2.10) years old, 21 patients were typeⅡ and 9 patients were typeⅢ according to Gartland classification. Thirty patients in cross fixationwith 3 needles on both ulnar and radial side group(group B), including 22 males and 8 females, aged from 1 to 9 years old with an average of(5.13±2.08) years old, 19 patients were typeⅡand 11 patients were typeⅢ. Healing time of fracture, postoperative complications, elbow flexion and extension activity, forearm rotation activity recovery, elbow carrying angle and angle loss after operation between two groups were observed and compared. Mayo Elbow function score at the final following up was used to evaluate clinical efficacy.@*RESULTS@#All patients were followed up, while there were no significant difference in follow-up time and fracture healing time between two groups (@*CONCLUSION@#Closed reduction and Kirschner wire at the early stage of fracture has advantages of less trauma, easy reduction, stable fixation, and early functional exercise. The risk of iatrogenic ulnar nerve injury caused by fan-shaped fixation of three radial needles is less than that of cross fixation of three radial needles.

Prótesis de recubrimiento en húmero proximal: ¿Cuál es la indicación hoy en día? / Proximal humeral resurfacing. What's today indication?

Resumen: Introducción: Los resultados funcionales de las prótesis de superficie en el húmero proximal son aceptables, pero con grandes diferencias en la tasa y causa de revisión según las diferentes series. El objetivo de nuestro trabajo fue analizar los resultados clínicos obtenidos en nuestro centro y tratar de definir al paciente ideal para este implante. Material y métodos: Estudio retrospectivo de 19 casos. Seguimiento de 31 (12-61) meses. La cirugía se indicó en casos de artrosis primaria o secundaria. Se analizaron datos demográficos, escala de Constant normalizada, cuestionario DASH, complicaciones y satisfacción. Hubo tres pérdidas durante el seguimiento por fallecimiento sin relación con la cirugía. Resultados: Edad media de 56 (25-80) años. La puntuación en la escala de Constant normalizada fue 73 (23-104) puntos y en el cuestionario DASH 31 (7-84) puntos. Noventa y cuatro por ciento de los pacientes retomaron sus actividades de ocio. En siete casos se objetivó radiológicamente colocación en varo del implante generando un conflicto inferior en la glena. Se produjo una capsulitis adhesiva resuelta de forma conservadora, tres reintervenciones por usura glenoidea sintomática y una por dolor incontrolable. Los pacientes sin lesión del manguito rotador presentaron mejor puntuación en los cuestionarios funcionales. Todos los pacientes refirieron estar satisfechos con la mejoría sintomática respecto a la situación previa. Conclusiones: Los resultados funcionales obtenidos son similares a los publicados previamente. Creemos que la prótesis de superficie debe ser considerada una opción en los casos de artrosis primaria o secundaria sin lesión del manguito rotador, independientemente de la edad.

Abstract: Introduction: Data published in the literature about humeral resurfacing prostheses are not conclusive with good functional results but with large differences in the revision rate. The aim of our study was to evaluate the clinical and functional outcomes in patients operated at our center. Material and methods: Retrospective study of 19 cases in 18 patients. Follow-up of 31 (12-61) months. Surgery was indicated in cases of primary or secondary osteoarthritis. Demographic data, Constant scale, DASH questionnaire, complications and satisfaction were analyzed. Three patients were lost to follow-up due to death unrelated to surgery. Results: Mean age of 56 (25-80) years. Constant normalized of 73 (23-104) points. DASH questionnaire of 31 (7-84) points. Ninety four percent of the patients resumed their recreational activities and 81% sports activities. In seven cases, inferior conflict in the glenoid with varus implant was observed radiologically. There were five complications; a conservatively resolved capsulitis, three reinterventions due to symptomatic inferior glenoid usury and another to uncontrollable pain in a conservative way. Patients without rotator cuff lesion presented better scores on the functional questionnaires. All patients were satisfied with the symptomatic improvement over the previous situation and would be operated again if necessary. Conclusions: The functional outcomes reported are similar to those previously published and, based on them, we believe that the resurfacing prosthesis is an option to be considered in cases of primary or secondary osteoarthritis when there is no rotator cuff injury, regardless of age.

Reconstrução de úmero e reanimação do cotovelo com retalho osteomiocutâneo da escápula: relato de caso / Reconstruction of the humerus and rehabilitation of the elbow using an osteomyocutaneous scapular flap: a case report

Introdução: No presente trabalho, relatamos um caso de reconstrução do terço proximal do úmero direito e reanimação do cotovelo de um paciente masculino, de 20 anos, vítima de acidente automobilístico, com necrose óssea de 5 cm no terço proximal do úmero e avulsão do bíceps braquial. Métodos: Utilizamos o retalho ósseo da escápula, associado ao retalho miocutâneo do grande dorsal, tendo como pedículo os vasos subescapulares. Resultados: O paciente teve excelente evolução no pós-operatório, apresentando-se, no pós-operatório de 2 meses, com consolidação óssea e iniciando a flexão do cotovelo. Conclusões: Perante a utilização do retalho descrito, concluímos que esta modalidade de retalho se insere no arsenal dos retalhos ósseos de maior segurança nas reconstruções ósseas em geral.

Introduction: We report a case of reconstruction of the proximal third of the right humerus and rehabilitation of the elbow in a 20-year-old male patient who was injured in an automobile accident and developed bone necrosis of 5 cm at the proximal third of the humerus and avulsion of the brachial biceps. Methods: A scapular bone flap was used, together with a latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap, using subscapular vessels for the pedicle. Results: The patient had excellent postoperative course, presenting in the 2-month postoperative period with bone consolidation and initiation of elbow flexion. Conclusions: This flap modality is a safe and useful option for bone reconstruction.

Experiencia inicial en un centro de alta complejidad con el injerto vascularizado de peroné en defectos óseos segmentarios del miembro superior / Early experience in a high complexity hospital with the vascularized fibular graft in segmentalbone defects of the upper limb

Introducción: Los defectos óseos >6 cm en los huesos largos plantean un problema difícil de solucionar en la reconstrucción del miembro superior. El peroné vascularizado se ha convertido en el principal método de reconstrucción por sus ventajas biológicas. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la tasa y el tiempo de consolidación ósea, y las complicaciones asociadas en una serie continua de pacientes. Materiales y Métodos: Se realizó una revisión durante un período de 5 años. Se incluyeron los pacientes que fueron tratados por defectos >6 cm en el miembro superior. Se analizaron variables preoperatorias, intraoperatorias y posoperatorias inmediatas y alejadas. Resultados: Durante el período de evaluación, 6 pacientes (4 hombres/2 mujeres) cumplían con los criterios de inclusión. La edad promedio fue de 47 años. El tiempo transcurrido entre el trauma inicial y la cirugía reconstructiva varió de 2 a 21 años. El defecto óseo promedio fue de 10 cm. El tiempo de seguimiento promedio fue de 17 meses. Se logró la consolidación ósea en todos los casos, como promedio, en 16 semanas. Dos pacientes sufrieron complicaciones posoperatorias. Ninguno presentó complicaciones o secuelas funcionales en la zona dadora. Conclusiones: El injerto óseo vascularizado de peroné es una opción válida para el tratamiento quirúrgico reconstructivo de defectos óseos segmentarios >6 cm en el miembro superior, con una tasa alta de consolidación, aun en casos con múltiples cirugías previas o con una lesión de larga evolución. Los detalles técnicos previenen las complicaciones en la zona dadora.

Introduction: Reconstruction of bone defects >6 cm in the upper limb poses a problem. The vascularized fibular graft has become the most popularized method to treat these bone defects, because of their biological advantages. The aim of this study was to evaluate the rate of bone union, time to accomplish this union and complications associated with this technique in a continuous series of patients. Methods: A review was performed during a period of five years. All patients who were treated for defects >6 cm on upper limbs were included. Preoperative, intraoperative, and immediate and long-term postoperative variables were analyzed. Results: During the assessment period, 6 patients (4 males/2 females) met the inclusion criteria. The average age was 47 years. Time between the initial trauma and reconstructive surgery ranged from 2 to 21 years. The average bone defect was 10 cm. The average follow-up was 17 months. Bone healing was achieved in all cases at a mean of 16 weeks. Two patients had postoperative complications. None of the patients had complications or functional sequelae in the donor site. Conclusions: The vascularized fibular graft is a valid option in reconstructive surgery of segmental bone defects >6 cm in the upper limb. It achieves a high consolidation rate, even in cases with multiple previous surgeries or a long-standing lesion. The technical details prevent complications in the donor site.

Reconstrucción en osteosarcoma humeral con peroné vascularizado y técnica modificada de tenosuspensión / Reconstruction in humeral osteosarcoma with a vasularised fibula and a modified sling procedure

INTRODUCCIÓN: El osteosarcoma es el tumor óseo maligno más común en la niñez y la adolescencia. Se desarrolla por orden de frecuencia en metáfisis distal de fémur, proximal de tibia y húmero proximal. La variedad de presentación de osteosarcoma telangectásico es rara, y afecta principalmente a niños y adolescentes. Las opciones de tratamiento quirúrgico son cirugía de salvamento y radical. Actualmente la mayoría de los tumores óseos malignos de la cintura escapular pueden seguir la primera opción. OBJETIVO: Presentar una técnica modificada de tenosuspensión para la reconstrucción de defectos humerales en el tratamiento quirúrgico del osteosarcoma de húmero. REPORTE DE CASO: Se presenta el caso de un varón de 16 años de edad con diagnóstico de osteosarcoma telangectásico de húmero tratado con cirugía de salvamento mediante técnica modificada de suspensión con peroné libre vascularizado para la reconstrucción del defecto humeral posterior a resección S345B según la Musculoskeletal Tumour Society (MSTS) y los resultados a 6 y 12 meses. RESULTADOS: A 6 meses del posquirúrgico existió consolidación del injerto sin complicaciones. A los 12 meses no se encontraron complicaciones. Los resultados funcionales fueron del 82 y 86% MSTS, respectivamente. CONCLUSIONES: La técnica modificada de suspensión de hombro utilizando peroné vascularizado y tendón del manguito rotador residual otorga resultados satisfactorios en el caso presentado, sin embargo, se requiere de mayor investigación para considerarla como modalidad de tratamiento generalizado en defectos humerales posterior a resección en bloque como tratamiento quirúrgico.

INTRODUCTION: El osteosarcoma is the most common malignant bone tumour in paediatric patients. The most frequent locations of osteosarcoma are the distal femur, the proximal tibia, and the proximal humerus. Telangiectatic osteosarcoma is rare, most commonly affecting children and adolescents. Surgical treatment options include limb sparing procedures and amputation, with most shoulder tumours currently being able to be treated without amputation. OBJECTIVE: To present a modified sling procedure to reconstruct humeral defects after bone resections in humeral osteosarcoma. CASE REPORT: A 16 year-old male patient with telangiectatic osteosarcoma of the proximal humerus was treated with limb sparing surgery. A modified sling procedure was performed using a vascularised fibular graft to reconstruct the humerus after in-block resection. Results at 6 and 12 months follow up are presented. RESULTS: Graft consolidation was observed at 6 months follow-up, and no complications were observed at 6 and 12 months follow-up. Functional results, according to the Musculoskeletal Tumour Society (MSTS), at 6 and 12 months were 82% and 86%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: This modified sling procedure using a vascularised fibular graft and rotator cuff tendon showed satisfactory results in this case. Future studies should further evaluate its role in treating humeral defects after in-block resection.

Resección de quiste óseo aneurismático en húmero proximal con aplicación de injerto peroneo no vascularizado: Presentación de un caso / Resection of an aneurysmal bone cyst in the proximal humerus with a non-vascularized fibular graft: Case report

El quiste óseo aneurismático es una lesión benigna que afecta la médula de huesos largos, supone 6% de las lesiones óseas primarias y puede surgir secundariamente con otros tumores óseos benignos o malignos. Presentamos el caso de una mujer de siete años de edad con un quiste óseo aneurismático, diagnosticado por clínica, radiología, tomografía axial computarizada y confirmado por histopatología. Se le realizó resección con técnica eggshell e injerto óseo no vascularizado de peroné izquierdo, su evolución fue satisfactoria hasta los cuatro años de operada, lo que concuerda con lo descrito en la literatura mundial.

An aneurysmal bone cyst is a benign lesion involving the marrow of long bones; it accounts for 6% of primary bone lesions and may occur as a secondary lesion with other benign or malignant bone tumors. We describe herein the case of a seven year-old female with an aneurysmal bone cyst which was diagnosed clinically, radiographically and with a CAT scan, and confirmed with histopathology. Resection was performed using the eggshell technique and a non-vascularized left fibular bone graft. The patient did well up to the fourth postoperative year, which is consistent with what has been reported in world literature.

Luxación posterior de hombro: inusual presentación de Bankart reverso asociada a fractura osteocondral anterior de la cabeza humeral / Posterior shoulder dislocation-: unusual presentation associated reverse Bankart previous osteochondral fracture of the humeral head

La luxación traumática posterior del hombro representa un grupo pequeño dentro de las luxaciones de la articulación gleno-humeral, la cual se puede asociar a distintos tipos de fracturas. La fractura por impactación de la superficie anterior de la superficie articular (lesión de Hill-Sachs reversa) es la típica resultante de la luxación posterior. En el siguiente trabajo se describe un caso infrecuente y poco descripto en la literatura, de Bankart Reversa asociada a una fractura osteocondral de la cabeza humeral, y su resolución por medio de una técnica combinada artroscópica y mini invasiva, que utiliza el concepto de viabilidad del fragmento osteocondral libre en la cavidad articular, y un inusual sistema de fijación con el empleo de suturas en puente mediante la utilización de arpones.

Defecto óseo humeral / Humeral bone defect

Diferentes factores influyen en la recidiva de luxación glenohumeral. La presencia de defectos de Hill-Sachs es frecuente tras episodios de luxaciones traumáticas de hombro. Este tipo de lesiones por si solas influyen de manera directa sobre la recidiva postoperatoria. Es por esto que técnicas habituales, como lo es la reparación capsulolabral en su forma abierta o artroscópica, son insuficientes como tratamiento definitivo. Se han descrito diferentes técnicas, algunas no anatómicas y otras que son consideradas totalmente anatómicas, con el objetivo de disminuir la tasa de recidiva. El objetivo de este estudio es describir las diferentes alternativas en técnicas quirúrgicas para el tratamiento de la luxación glenohumeral asociada a la presencia de un defecto óseo humeral, e intenta brindar un esquema terapéutico ante los diferentes escenarios que involucren esta patología.

Tratamiento, complicaciones y sobrevida del condrosarcoma del húmero proximal / Treatment, complications and survival of the chondrosarcoma of the proximal humerus

Introducción: El condrosarcoma constituye el segundo tumor óseo en frecuencia. La ubicación en el húmero es menos frecuente que en el fémur y la pelvis, por lo que hay escasa bibliografía de los resultados obtenidos en el tratamiento de este tumor. Materiales y métodos: Se analizaron retrospectivamente 28 pacientes (10 varones y 18 mujeres) con diagnóstico de condrosarcoma localizado en el húmero proximal tratados entre 1988 y 2010. El seguimiento promedio fue de 6 años (rango 6 a 200 meses). La edad promedio de los pacientes fue de 48 años (rango 17 a 75 años). En esta serie hubo 13 condrosarcomas de grado I, 11 de grado II, 2 de grado III y 2 condrosarcomas desdiferenciados. Dos pacientes fueron desarticulados y en 26 pacientes se conservó el miembro. De este último grupo, en 5 se realizó curetaje con relleno y en los 21 restantes, resección del tumor con reconstrucción (10 aloprótesis, 5 aloinjertos osteoarticulares, 4 aloinjertos intercalares y 2 endoprótesis). Resultados: Hubo 2 recidivas locales y 2 pacientes de la serie murieron por su enfermedad (los dos condrosarcomas desdiferenciados). No hubo complicaciones en el grupo tratado de manera intralesional y fueron 8 en los tratados de forma extralesional. Se conservó el miembro en el 100 por ciento de los condrosarcomas de bajo grado y en el 50 por ciento de los de alto grado. La sobrevida fue del 100 por ciento a los 5 años en los casos de condrosarcoma de bajo grado y del 50 por ciento en los de alto grado. Conclusiones: Se obtuvo una alta tasa de conservación del miembro en el tratamiento del condrosarcoma del húmero proximal sin afectar el índice de sobrevida de los pacientes en esta serie.

Tratamiento artroscópico de fracturas desplazadas y conminutas del troquíter / Arthroscopic treatment of comminuted and displaced greater tuberosity fractures

Objetivo: el propósito de esta serie de casos fue evaluar los resultados clínicos de pacientes con fracturas desplazadas o conminutas del troquiter asociadas o no a luxación glenohumeral. Hipótesis: la reducción y osteosíntesis artroscópica realizada con tornillos canulados representa una forma de tratamiento eficaz en este tipo de fracturas. Material y Métodos: 10 pacientes con fracturas desplazadas o conminutas del troquiter fueron tratados por vía artroscópica mediante la reducción y osteosíntesis con tornillos canulados. La evaluación clínica fue realizada después de los 18 meses de seguimiento. Se evaluó reducción y consolidación de la fractura, dolor postoperatorio, rango de movimiento y resultados clínicos mediante los test de Rowe y ASES. Resultados: todos los pacientes presentaron una correcta consolidación de la fractura, mínimo dolor y aceptables puntuaciones con los test de Rowe y ASES. Conclusión: la reducción y osteosíntesis artroscópica de fracturas del troquiter puede alcanzar resultados clínicos y radiográficos satisfactorios.

Tratamiento artroscópico de las fracturas desplazadas y conminutas del troquíter / Arthroscopic treatment of displaced and comminuted greater tuberosity fractures

Objetivos: El propósito de esta serie de casos fue evaluar los resultados clínicos en pacientes con fracturas desplazadas o conminutas del troquíter asociadas o no a luxación glenohumeral. La reducción y osteosíntesis artroscópica realizada con tornillos canulados representa una forma de tratamiento eficaz en este tipo de fracturas. Materiales y métodos: Se trataron 10 pacientes con fracturas desplazadas o conminutas del troquíter por vía artroscópica mediante la reducción y osteosíntesis con tornillos canulados. La evaluación clínica se realizó después de los 18 meses de seguimiento. Se evaluó la reducción y consolidación de la fractura, el dolor posoperatorio, la amplitud de movimiento y los resultados clínicos mediante las escalas de Rowe y de ASES. Resultados: Todos los pacientes presentaron una correcta consolidación de la fractura, mínimo dolor y puntajes aceptables en las pruebas de Rowe y de ASES. Conclusiones: La reducción y osteosíntesis artroscópica de las fracturas del troquíter puede alcanzar resultados clínicos y radiográficos satisfactorios.